Identification_Information:
  Citation:
     Citation_Information:
       Originator:
          U.S. Department of Commerce
          Bureau of the Census
          Geography Division
       Publication_Date: 1996
       Title: TIGER/Line Files, 1995
       Edition: 1996
       Series_Information:
          Series_Name: TIGER/Line Census Files
          Issue_Identification: Version (0024)
       Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Washington, DC
          Publisher:
            U.S. Department of Commerce
            Bureau of the Census
            Geography Division
  Description:
     Abstract: TIGER, TIGER/Line, and Census TIGER are trademarks of the Bureau
       of the Census.  The 1995 TIGER/Line files are an extract of selected geographic
       and cartographic information from the Census TIGER data base.  The geographic
       coverage for a single TIGER/Line  file is a county or statistical equivalent entity,
       with the coverage area based on January 1, 1995 legal boundaries.  A complete set
       of 1995 TIGER/Line files includes all counties and statistically equivalent entities i
       the United States, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the
       Northern Marian Islands, U.S. Minor Outlying Areas, and the Pacific Island Territories.
       The Census TIGER data base represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or
       gaps between parts.  However, each county-based TIGER/Line file is designed to
       stand alone as an independent data set or the files can be combined to cover the whole
       Nation and its territories.

       The 1995 TIGER/Line files consist of line segments representing physical features
       and governmental and statistical boundaries.  The files contain information distributed
       over a series of record types for the spatial objects of a county.  There are 17 record
       types, including the basic data record, the shape coordinate points, and geographic
       codes that can be used with appropriate software to prepare maps.  Other geographic
       information contained in the files includes attributes such as feature identifiers/census
       feature class codes (CFCC) used to differentiate feature types, address ranges and ZIP
       Codes, codes for legal and statistical entities, latitude/longitude coordinates of linear
       and point features, landmark point features, area landmarks, key geographic features,
       and area boundaries. The 1995 TIGER/Line data dictionary contains a complete list
       of all the fields in the 17 record types.
     Purpose: In order for others to use the information in the Census TIGER data base in
       a geographic information system (GIS) or for other geographic applications, the
       Census Bureau releases to the public extracts of the data base in the form of
       TIGER/Line files.  Various versions of the TIGER/Line files have been released;
       previous versions include the 1990 Census TIGER/Line files (version 0003), the
       1992 TIGER/Line files (version 0005), and the 1994 TIGER/Line files (version 0021).
       The 1995 (version 0024) TIGER/Line  files were originally produced to support
       Phase I of the Census 2000 Redistricting Data Program.
     Supplemental_Information: To find out more about TIGER/Line files and other Census
       TIGER data base derived data sets visit http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger.

       Note: The spatial domain element of this metadata only list the maximum and minimum
       bounding coordinates for the continental United States.
       See the TIGER/Line Files Maximum and Minimum Coordinates File
       for the maximum and minimum coordinates for each TIGER/Line file county
       or statistical equivalent.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
     Time_Period_Information:
       Single_Date/Time:
          Calendar_Date: 1995
     Currentness_Reference: 1995
  Status:
     Progress: Complete
     Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: TIGER/Line files are extracted from the
       Census TIGER data base when needed for geographic programs required to
       support the census and survey programs of the Census Bureau.  No changes or
       updates will be made to the 1995 TIGER/Line files. Future releases of TIGER/Line
       files will reflect updates made to the Census TIGER data base and will be released
       under a revised version numbering system (based on the month and year the data is
       extracted).
  Spatial_Domain:
       Bounding_Coordinates:
          West_Bounding_Coordinate:  -124.848974
          East_Bounding_Coordinate:  -66.885075
          North_Bounding_Coordinate:  49.384363
          South_Bounding_Coordinate:  24.395877
  Keywords:
     Theme:
       Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
       Theme_Keyword: Line Feature
       Theme_Keyword: Feature Identifier
       Theme_Keyword: Census Feature Classification Code (CFCC)
       Theme_Keyword: Address Range
       Theme_Keyword: Geographic Entity
       Theme_Keyword: Point/Node
       Theme_Keyword: Landmark Feature
       Theme_Keyword: Political Boundary
       Theme_Keyword: Statistical Boundary
       Theme_Keyword: Polygon
       Theme_Keyword: County/County Equivalent
       Theme_Keyword: TIGER/Line
       Theme_Keyword: Topology
       Theme_Keyword: Street Centerline
       Theme_Keyword: Latitude/Longitude
       Theme_Keyword: ZIP-Code
       Theme_Keyword: Vector
       Theme_Keyword: TIGER Line Identification Number (TLID)
       Theme_Keyword: Street Segment
       Theme_Keyword: Coordinate
       Theme_Keyword: Boundary
     Place:
       Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: FIPS Publication 6-4
                                FIPS Publication-55
       Place_Keyword: United States
       Place_Keyword: U.S. Virgin Islands
       Place_Keyword: Puerto Rico
       Place_Keyword: Pacific Island Territories
       Place_Keyword: County
     Temporal:
       Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
       Temporal_Keyword: Certified as of 19960101.
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints:
     None.  Acknowledgment of the U.S. Bureau of the Census would be appreciated
     for products derived from these files.
     TIGER, TIGER/Line, and Census TIGER are trademarks of the Bureau of the Census.
  Point_of_Contact:
     Contact_Information:
       Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization:
             U.S. Department of Commerce
             Bureau of the Census
             Geography Division
             Products and Services Staff
       Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Physical address
          Address: 8903 Presidential Pkwy, WP I
          City: Upper Marlboro
          State_or_Province: Maryland
          Postal_Code: 20772
          Country: USA
       Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Mailing address
          Address: Bureau of the Census
          City: Washington
          State_or_Province: District of Columbia
          Postal_Code: 20233
          Country: USA
       Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 301 457 1128
       Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 301 457 4710
       Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: TIGER@census.gov
       Hours_of_Service:
          Monday through Friday 8:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. EST-USA
  Data_Set_Credit:
     U.S. Department of Commerce
     Bureau of the Census
     Geography Division
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
     TIGER/Line files are created and processed in a VAX/VMS environment.  The
      environment consist of a VAX 7630 clustered with a VAX 6610 running OpenVMS
      version 5.2-2 used for production operations. The Census TIGER system is driven
      by DEC Command Language (DCL) procedures which invoke C software routines
      to extract selected geographic and cartographic information (TIGER/Line files) from
      the operational Census TIGER data base.
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
     Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Accurate against Federal Information Processing
       Standards (FIPS), FIPS Publication 6-4, and FIPS-55 at the 100% level for
       the codes and base names. The remaining attribute information has been examined
       but has not been fully tested for accuracy.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: The feature network of lines (as represented by Record
     Types 1 and 2) is complete for census purposes.  Spatial objects in TIGER/Line belong
     to the "Geometry and Topology"(GT) class of objects in the "Spatial Data Transfer
     Standard" (SDTS) FIPS Publication 173 and are topologically valid.  Node/geometry
     and topology (GT)-polygon/chain relationships are collected or generated to satisfy
     topological edit requirements.  These requirements include:
       *  Complete chains must begin and end at nodes.
       *  Complete chains must connect to each other at nodes.
       *  Complete chains do not extend through nodes.
       *  Left and right GT-polygons are defined for each complete chain element and
          are consistent throughout the extract process.
       *  The chains representing the limits of the file are free of gaps.
     The Census Bureau performed automated tests to ensure logical consistency
     and limits of files.  All polygons are tested for closure.  Some polygons in the
     TIGER/Line files may be so small that the polygon internal point has been
     manually placed on a node that defines the polygon perimeter.  These small
     polygons have been detected, and corrections will be incorporated in the Census
     TIGER data base in the future.  The Census Bureau uses its internally developed
     Geographic Update System to enhance and modify spatial and attribute data in the
     Census TIGER data base.  Standard geographic codes, such as FIPS codes for states,
     counties, municipalities, and places, are used when encoding spatial entities.  The
     Census Bureau performed spatial data tests for logical consistency of the codes during
     the compilation of the original Census TIGER data base files.  Most of the codes
     themselves were provided to the Census Bureau by the USGS, the agency responsible
     for maintaining FIPS 55.  Feature attribute information has been examined but has
     not been fully tested for consistency.
  Completeness_Report: Data completeness of the TIGER/Line files reflects the contents
     of the Census TIGER data base at the time the TIGER/Line files (1995 version) were
     created.
  Positional_Accuracy:
     Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
       Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          The information present in these files is provided for the purposes of statistical
          analysis and census operations only.  Coordinates in the TIGER/Line files have
          six implied decimal places, but the positional accuracy of these coordinates is
          not as great as the six decimal places suggest. The positional accuracy varies
          with the source materials used, but generally the information is no better than
          the established National Map Accuracy standards for 1:100,000-scale maps from
          the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); thus it is NOT suitable for high-precision
          measurement applications such as engineering problems, property transfers, or
          other uses that might require highly accurate measurements of the earth's surface.
          The USGS 1:100,000-scale maps meet national map accuracy standards and use
          coordinates defined by the North American Datum, 1983. For the contiguous 48
          States, the cartographic fidelity of most of the 1995 TIGER/Line files, in areas
          outside the 1980 census Geographic Base File/Dual Independent Map Encoding
          (GBF/DIME) file coverage and selected other large metropolitan areas, compare
          favorably with the USGS 1:100,000-scale maps.  The Census Bureau cannot specify
          the accuracy of features inside of what was the 1980 GBF/DIME-Files coverage or
          selected metropolitan areas.  The Census Bureau added updates to the TIGER/Line files
          that enumerators annotated on map sheets prepared from the Census TIGER data base
          as they attempted to traverse every street feature shown on the 1990 census map sheets;
          the Bureau also made other corrections from updated map sheets supplied by local
          participants for Census Bureau programs.  The locational accuracy of these updates is
          of unknown quality.  In addition to the Federal, State, and local sources, portions of
          the files may contain information obtained in part from maps and other materials
          prepared by private companies.  Despite the fact that TIGER/Line data positional
          accuracy is not as high as the coordinates values imply, the six-decimal place precision
          is useful when producing maps.  The precision allows features that are next to each
          other on the ground to be placed in the correct position, on the map, relative to each
          other, without overlap.
  Lineage:
     Source_Information:
       Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator:
              U.S. Department of Commerce
              Bureau of the Census
              Geography Division
            Publication_Date: Unpublished material
            Title: TIGER data base
            Edition: 1995
       Type_of_Source_Media: On line
       Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: 1995
          Source_Currentness_Reference: Date the file was made available to create TIGER/Line
             File extracts.
       Source_Citation_Abbreviation: TIGER
       Source_Contribution: Selected geographic and cartographic information (line segments)
             from the Census TIGER data base.
     Process_Step:
       Process_Description:
          In order for others to use the information in the Census TIGER data base in a
          GIS or for other geographic applications, the Census Bureau releases periodic
          extracts of selected information from the Census TIGER data base, organized
          as topologically consistent networks.  Software (TIGER DB routines) written
          by the Geography Division allows for efficient access to Census TIGER system
          data.  TIGER/Line files are extracted from the Census TIGER data base by
          county or statistical equivalent area.  Census TIGER data for a given county or
          statistical equivalent area is then distributed among 17 fixed length record ASCII
          files, each one containing attributes for either line, polygon, or landmark geographic
          data types. The Bureau of the Census has released various versions of the
          TIGER/Line files since 1988, with each version having more updates (feature
          and feature names, address ranges and ZIP Codes, coordinate updates, new record
          types, revised field definitions, etc.), than the previous version.
       Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: TIGER data base
       Process_Date: 1996
       Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
              Contact_Organization_Primary:
                Contact_Organization:
                  U.S. Department of Commerce
                  Bureau of the Census
                  Products and Services Staff
              Contact_Address:
                Address_Type: Physical address
                Address: 8903 Presidential Parkway, WP I
                City: Upper Marlboro
                State_or_Province: Maryland
                Postal_Code: 20772
                Country: USA
              Contact_Address:
                Address_Type: Mailing address
                Address: Bureau of the Census
                City: Washington
                State_or_Province: District of Columbia
                Postal_Code: 20233
                Country: USA
              Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 301 457 1128
              Contact_Facsimile_telephone: 1 301 457 4710
              Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: TIGER@census.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS)
    and feature names and addresses.
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
     SDTS_Terms_Description:
       SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Node, network
       Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 570 to 56,000
       SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
       SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete chain
       Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 790 to 83,000
       SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
       Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 290 to 33,000
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
     Geographic:
       Latitude_Resolution: 0.000458
       Longitude_Resolution: 0.000458
       Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
     Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
       The TIGER/Line files contain data describing three major types of features/entities;
          Line Features -
             1) Roads
             2) Railroads
             3) Hydrography
             4) Miscellaneous transportation features and selected power lines and pipe lines
             5) Political and statistical boundaries
          Landmark Features -
             1) Point landmarks, e.g., schools and churches.
             2) Area landmarks, e.g., Parks and cemeteries.
             3) Key geographic locations (KGLs), e.g., apartment buildings and factories.
          Polygon features -
             1) Geographic entity codes for areas used to tabulate the 1990 census statistical
                  data and current geographic areas
             2) Locations of area landmarks
             3) Locations of KGLs

       The line features and polygon information form the majority of data in the TIGER/Line
       files.  Some of the data/attributes describing the lines include coordinates, feature
       identifiers (names), CFCCs (used to identify the most noticeable characteristic of a
       feature), address ranges, and geographic entity codes.  The TIGER/Line files
       contain point and area labels that describe landmarks features and provide
       locational reference.  Area landmarks consist of a feature name or label and
       feature type assigned to a polygon or group of polygons.  Landmarks may
       overlap or refer to the same set of polygons.

       The Census TIGER data base uses collections of spatial objects (points, lines,
       and polygons) to model or describe real-world geography.  The Census Bureau
       uses these spatial objects to represent features such as streets, rivers, and
       political boundaries and assigns attributes to these features to identify and
       describe specific features such as the 500 block of Market Street in Philadelphia,
       Pennsylvania.

       The TIGER/Line files contain information about these spatial objects distributed
       over a series of record types.  Users of the TIGER/Line files may need to link
       information from several record types to find all the attributes of interest that
       belong to one spatial object.

       Topology explains how points, lines, and areas relate to each other and is used
       as the foundation for organizing spatial objects in the Census TIGER data base.
       The Census TIGER data base uses these objects to provide a disciplined,
       mathematical description of the features on the earth's surface.  All spatial objects
       are interrelated.  A sequence of points define line segments, and line segments
       connect to define polygons.

       The Census TIGER data base relates information to points or  0-cells, lines or
       1-cells, and polygons or 2-cells.  The number preceding the cell identifies the
       dimensionality of the objects; for instance, a line segment has a single dimension,
       length.  Each of these objects build on the others to form higher-level objects.  The
       0-cells form the end points of 1-cells.  The 1-cells connect at 0-cells and form closed
       figures that partition space into polygons or 2-cells.

       The spatial objects in TIGER/Line files embody both geometry (coordinate location
       and shape) and topology (the relationship between points, lines objects, and polygons)
       and therefore belong to the "Geometry and Topology" (GT) class of objects in the
       SDTS.  In the SDTS, nodes represent point objects (0-cells) that identify the start and
       end position of lines or 1-dimensional objects (1-cells) called chains.  The chains in
       the TIGER/Line files are complete chains because they form GT-polygon boundaries
       and intersect other chains only at nodes.  Topological chains that do not contain polygon
       information are network chains used to form GT-rings.  Data users may choose not to
       use GT-polygon or geographic entity codes and consider the TIGER/Line files a source
       of network chain data.

       The TIGER/Line files contain point landmark data that are not included in the
       Census TIGER data base topology.  Point landmarks are entity points that mark
       the location of points of interest and are not connected to complete chains or GT-
       polygons.  A polygon identification code is used to link a landmark to a GT-polygon.
     Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
       The U.S. Bureau of the Census, TIGER/Line Files, 1995 Technical Documentation.
       The TIGER/Line files documentation defines the terms and definitions used within
       the files.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
     Contact_Information:
       Contact_Organization_Primary
          Contact_Organization:
            U.S. Department of Commerce
            Bureau of the Census
            Geography Division
            Products and Services Staff
       Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Physical address
          Address: 8903 Presidential Parkway, WP I
          City: Upper Marlboro
          State_or_Province: Maryland
          Postal_Code: 20772
          Country: USA
       Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Mailing address
          Address: Bureau of the Census
          City: Washington
          State_or_Province: District of Columbia
          Postal_Code: 20233
          Country: USA
       Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 301 457 1128
       Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 301 457 4710
       Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: TIGER@census.gov
  Resource_Description: 1995 TIGER/Line Files
  Distribution_Liability: No warranty, expressed or implied is made and no liability
     is assumed by the U.S. Government in general or the Bureau of the Census in
     specific as to the positional or attribute accuracy of the data.  The act of distribution
     shall not constitute any such warranty and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S.
     Government in the use of these files.
  Standard_Order_Process:
     Digital_Form:
       Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: TGRLN (compressed)
          File_Decompression_Technique: PK-ZIP, version 1.93A or higher.
       Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Offline_Option:
            Offline_Media: CD-ROM.
            Recording_Format: ISO 9660
     Fees:
       The TIGER/Line files are grouped by states or statistical  equivalent ($1500 for
       the complete six-disc set or $250 per CD-ROM/disc).  Technical documentation
       is included on disc or may be downloaded in PDF format over the Internet.

       TIGER 95: All States (6 CD-ROMs) CD95-TGR-ALL $1,500.

       TIGER 95: CD95-TGR-01 $250, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine,
       Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
       Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia

       TIGER 95: CD95-TGR-02 $250, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan,
       Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee

       TIGER 95: CD95-TGR-03 $250, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri,
       Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin

       TIGER 95: CD95-TGR-04 $250, Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
       Texas

       TIGER 95: CD95-TGR-05 $250, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico,
       Utah, Wyoming

       TIGER 95: CD95-TGR-06 $250, Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington,
       Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and the Outlying Areas of the Pacific

       NOTE: All fees are subject to change.  Contact the Bureau of the Census for the current fees.
     Ordering_Instructions: To purchase 1995 TIGER/Line files; order from the U.S.
       Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, by calling Customer Services, Bureau
       of the Census 1 301 457 4100; FAX 1 301 457 3842.  To obtained more information about
       ordering TIGER/Line files visit http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger.
     Turnaround: Priority Service: Orders placed before 2:P.M. of a business day using a
       Priority Service (Next Day) will arrive the next business day.  Regular Service: Orders
       placed before 2:P.M. of a business day using a Priority Service (Regular Service)
       will arrive in 3-4 days.
  Technical_Prerequisites: The 1995 TIGER/Line files contain geographic data only and
     do not include display or mapping software or statistical data.  A list of vendors who
     have developed software capable of processing TIGER/Line files can be obtained over
     the Internet by selecting TIGER under Subjects A-Z on the Census Bureau's home
     page (www.census.gov).
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 199612
  Metadata_Review_Date: 19970130
  Metadata_Contact:
     Contact_Information
       Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Lornell A. Parks
          Contact_Organization:
            U.S. Department of Commerce
            Bureau of the Census
            Geography Division
            Geospatial Research and Standards Staff
       Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Physical address
          Address: 8903 Presidential Parkway, WP I
          City: Upper Marlboro
          State_or_Province: Maryland
          Postal_Code: 20772
          Country: USA
       Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Mailing address
          Address: Bureau of the Census
          City: Washington
          State_or_Province: District of Columbia
          Postal_Code: 20233
          Country: USA
       Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 301 457 1056
       Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 301 457 4710
       Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lparks@census.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name:
     Federal Geographic Data Committee "Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata"
  Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608 (Version 1.0)
