dc.contributor.author | Hahn, Carl Joseph | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-05-22T12:39:18Z | |
dc.date.available | 2018-05-22T12:39:18Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1970 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30243 | |
dc.description.abstract | | en |
dc.description.abstract | This analysis of Evangelical worship in Brazil is concerned with
the concepts and practices that were introduced into Brazil by Protestant
immigrants and missionaries from Britain, Germany, and the United States
during the nineteenth century, and with its continued development. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Chapter One presents the aim and scope of the study; Chapter Two,
the land and people of Brazil prior to 1810, the year that Brazil was
opened to Protestant immigration. The geography, history, and ethnolo¬
gical formation is analyzed because worship, as all social activities of a
people, are deeply affected by these factors. The religious life of the
nation from 1500 to 1810 was under the complete monopoly of the Roman
Catholic Church of Portugal. Its history, problems, and influence upon the
formation of Brazilian culture and character are studied. | en |
dc.description.abstract | The first section of Chapter Three is devoted to a study of
worship among the Protestant immigrants. Three centuries had passed since
the Reformation. Protestant worship had undergone deviations from the
ideals and teachings of the Reformers. It is important to note these
changes in order to understand the concepts and practices of worship they
introduced into Brazil during one-half century before the arrival of
Protestant missionaries. | en |
dc.description.abstract | The second section of Chapter Three tells of the arrival of the
missionaries. Five of these have been studied to show their contribution
to worship. In the beginning both immigrants and missionaries laboured
under government restrictions; worship was only allowed in buildings
whose exterior appearance did not resemble Churches | en |
dc.description.abstract | Chapter Four begins the study of indigenous Brazilian influences.
Patterns of worship in the life, ministry, and influence of five leading
Brazilian pastors, are examined. In Chapter Five the influence of Roman
Catholicism is studied and evaluated. Due to the scarcity of priests
thinly scattered over the vast geographical areas and the tenacity with
which the African slaves and the Indians held on to their primitive animist¬
ic beliefs, the religion of the hinterland developed into folk-religion,
more African and Indian than orthodox Roman Catholic. The intellectuals
reacted against this superstition with a reserved skepticism in which they
continued to participate in the festivals of the Church as part of
Brazilian Social and national life, but with few deep religious convictions
and commitments. This intellectual attitude was often inherited by the
Protestant Churches. The superstitious practices and beliefs in the folk
religion conditioned the illiterate masses to accept Spiritism and
Pentecostalism. The scarcity of priests developed a dependence upon local
lay brotherhoods which prepared the ground for the acceptance of a ministry
of unordained Protestant laymen. Evangelical worship also suffered from
anti-clerical reactions against Romanism. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Chapter Six is a study of the influence of Bible distribution over
the vast unchurched areas in which Bible-reading communities appeared and
family worship and Sunday School became the frontier Church. It was the
only church which thousands of young Christians knew. They were evangelized,
came to know the Grace of God, and learned their first Worship patterns
under a gifted but untrained and unordained lay leadership. Communities
went for months, even years, without the sacraments or a visit from the
ordained clergy. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Chapter Seven continues the study of indigenous influences upon
worship, analyzing ethnological contributions from the Portuguese, African,
and Indian; the influence of French Positivism; the political structures
of the land, as well as the simplicities and barrenness of pioneer life.
Each of these factors left its mark. | en |
dc.description.abstract | In Chapter Eight the developing worship patterns within the
various Churches are analyzed; it is noted that they were established in
Brazil during a time of liturgical decadence throughout the Protestant world,
and before the liturgical revival began at the close of the nineteenth
century. A normal development was in progress in 1910. This was retarded
by a doctrinal conflict which arose between the so-called "liberal" and
"conservative" parties within the Church. The conflict has continued to the
present, retarding the development of worship. | en |
dc.description.abstract | The contemporary scene is discussed in Chapters Nine, Ten and
Eleven. Chapter Nine presents the advent of Pentecostalism with its impact
of direct preaching, lively music, but a materialistic and utilitarian
concept of religion. The Tenth chapter describes the continuing problem of
the vast geographical areas with the scarcity of a trained and ordained
ministry, and the problems of worship that are concomitant with this
situation. The Conclusion sees Brazil as one of the promising areas of the
world for Church growth, but in great need of a deeper theological compre¬
hension of the Nature and Mission of the Church upon which Evangelical
worship depends. | en |
dc.publisher | The University of Edinburgh | en |
dc.relation.ispartof | Annexe Thesis Digitisation Project 2018 Block 19 | en |
dc.relation.isreferencedby | | en |
dc.title | Evangelical worship in Brazil: its origins and development | en |
dc.type | Thesis or Dissertation | en |
dc.type.qualificationlevel | Doctoral | en |
dc.type.qualificationname | PhD Doctor of Philosophy | en |