Descriptive and critical survey of the civil defence anti-gas (casualty) services in Scotland

Abstract

AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS CASUALTY SERVICES HOME OFFICE SCHEME of Medical Anti-Gas Instruction A.R.P. CASUALTY SERVICES: First Aid Parties, Mobile First Aid Posts, Casualty Ambulances, First Aid Party Equipment Panel, Interchangeability of Services, Initial Disposal of Casualties, Service Depots, Rescue Parties, Decontamination Parties — First Aid Posts, Original Lay-out, Modifications, Cleansing Centres, Mobile Cleansing Units, Staff — Casualty Clearing Hospitals, Cleansing Accommodation, Cleansing Personnel

OPERATIONAL CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS OF THE CIVIL DEFENCE ORGANISATION:

• MINISTRY OF HOME SECURITY Scottish Region, Centres of Control — Scheme-making Authorities, A.R.P. Executive Committees, Control Centres, Report Centres, Wardens' Service — Co-operation between Units and Services — Reinforcements, within the District, between Districts Inter-Regional

• DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH FOR SCOTLAND A.R.P. Casualty Services, (First Aid Parties), First Aid Posts Mobile and Fixed, First Aid Points, Cleansing Centres Fixed and Mobile, Casualty Ambulances, Casualty Clearing Hospitals — Operational Control of the Casualty Services Emergency Medical Service, Casualty Clearing Hospitals, Mobile Surgical Teams, Base Hospitals, Auxiliary and Convalescent Hospitals, Inter-Hospital Ambulances — Operational Control of the E.M.S., Liaison between Casualty and Emergency Medical Services

• GAS DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION SERVICE Home Office: Local Section, Gas Identification Officers, Senior Gas Identification Officer — Regions Section, Senior Gas Adviser, District Gas Advisers — Department of Health: Medical Gas Specialists, Mobile Medical Gas Team Correlation of Medical and Chemical Data: Four Levels Liaison with Fighting Services

• THE WAR GASES IN CIVIL DEFENCE: Outline Table, 3 Classes, Methods of Attack, Objectives 77

• MUSTARD GAS Chemical and Physical Properties, Experiment on Penetrability, Physiological Action — Symptoms, Eyes, Skin, Stomach and Intestines, Respiratory Organs — Treatment, 3 Methods, Bleach, Solvents, Washing Process — Treatment of Eye Lesions, Preventive and Curative Assessment of Mustard Gas Attack, By Bombs, on Street, 102 on Houses, in Open Spaces, By Spray, High, Low The Casualty Services in Preventive and First Aid ' 109 Measures: First Aid Parties, Additional Measures, Householder Cleansing Parties — First Aid Posts (Fixed) — Casualty Clearing Hospitals, Procedures

• IEWISITE Chemical and Physical Properties, Physiological Action — Treatment, Preventive The Casualty Services in First Aid Treatment: First 131 Aid Parties, First Aid Posts, Casualty Clearing Hospitals

• PHOSGENE Chemical and Physical Properties, Physiological Action — Symptoms, Pulmonary Oedema — Chlorine Assessment of Phosgene Gas Attack llgp The Casualty Services in First Aid Treatment: First 1^4-7 Aid Parties, First Aid Posts, Casualty Clearing Hospitals

• NASAL IRRITANTS Chemical and Physical Properties, Physiological Action — Symptoms, Immediate, Sequelae Assessment of Nasal Irritant Gas Attack The Casualty Services in First Aid Treatment: First 160 Aid Parties, First Aid Posts, Casualty Clearing Hospitals Two Suggested Cleansing Procedures

• A.R.P. MEDICAL ANTI-GAS TRAINING:

• TRAINING OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION Home Office Scheme — 18 months' abeyance — Medical Anti-Gas Instructors — In Northern Ireland — In England Medical Gas Specialists — In Scotland also Clinical Instruction — The Anti-Gas Training of the Medical Officer

• TRAINING OF THE A.R.P. SERVICES (Medical Anti-Gas) Home Offices Training Branch London, Training Specialists, Regional Training Officers — Civilian Anti-Gas Schools — Training Manuals Department of Healths Two Inspectors of Casualty Services, 'Instruction* re Hospital Officers Training Officers of Scheme-making Authorities Regional Training Officer Training in 5 Classes, Individual, Team, Combined — First Aid Parties, First Aid Posts, Casualty Clearing Hospitals — Combined Exercises Respirators and Protective Clothing Chemical Research Centre, Porton Specimen A.R.P. (Combined) Exercise

THE ANTI-GAS TRAINING OF THE PUBLIC: By the Ministry: Issue of Civilian Respirators — Leaflets, etc. — Change of Emphasis By Scheme-making Authorities: Public Instruction Inadequate — The Gas Test Points of Government-recommended Defensive Anti-Gas Measures Suggested Scheme of Public Anti-Gas Instruction, in J parts, Lectures and Demonstrations The Ignorant Alarmist The Intellectual Optimist, a Retarding Influence in Anti-Gas Precautions.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: • MINISTRY OF HOME SECURITY: ANTI-GAS PRECAUTIONS In Non-Gas Attack: Performance of Reinforcements, Operational Control, First Aid Services In Gas Attack Exercises: Constructive Criticism, Decontamination of Gas Incident, Mass Gassing of Civilians, Problem of the Uninjured Gas Casualty, Treatment of the Gas Contaminated Casualty Good Neighbours' Plan

• ANTI-GAS TRAINING AND GAS DISCIPLINE OF CIVILIANS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH: ANTI-GAS PRECAUTIONS Non-Training in A.R.P. and Anti-Gas Precautions of Department Officials Lack of Official Procedure in First Aid Post and in Casualty Clearing Hospital Assessment of Present Medical Anti-Gas Services Three Suggestions for Cleansing Procedure in Posts and Hospitals Training of A.R.P, Services Importance of Gas Education of Population