Possibilities of mechanised stowing in British collieries
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Abstract
This thesis records the investigation into
the possibilities of the mechanisation of underground
stowage of the goaf, with special reference to mining
conditions in this country, and is the continuation
of several years' practical research conducted in
India on hydraulic systems of stowing sand.
Since the inception of this work three years
ago, the subject has received increased attention
from mining engineers. It is realised that the
continued development of mechanised coal getting is
dependent upon the successful mechanisation of the
other operations in and around the coal face.
DEVELOPMENT IN MINING TECHNIQUE:
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 7.
TIE EFFECT OF COAL EXTRACTION ON STRATA
(a) SUBSIDENCE: (i) Introduction . . 12.
(ii) Physical Aspects 13.
(iii) Economic Aspects 16.
(b) SYSTEMS OF STRATA CONTROL
(i ) The Caving System 18.
(ii ) Strip Packing. . 18.
(iii) Solid Stowing. . 18.
(c) CONTINUOUS MINING CONSIDERATIONS. . 20.
GENERAL PREAMBLE ON THE NECESSITY FOR MECHANISED
STOWING
(a) INTRODUCTORY 23.
(b) FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTRODUCTION
OF POWER STOWING IN GREAT BRITAIN. 27.
MINING LAYOUT FOR POWER STOWING
(a) HORIZON SYSTEM OF MINING 30.
(b) METHODS OF WORKING 32.
STOWING MATERIALS
(a) INTRODUCTION 47
(b) NATURE OF STOWING MATERIAL: 49
(i) Composition. . . 49.
(ii) Size Analysis. . 50.
(iii) Shape 54
(c) COMPRESSIBILITY OF STOWING MATERIAL:
(i) Void Tests . . . 63.
(ii) Compression Tests 71.
MATERIAL HANDLING
(a) PREPARATION AND SUPPLY OF STOWING
MATERIAL 83.
(b) TRANSPORT AND FEED ARRANGEMENTS: 88
(i) Pneumatic Stowing . . 88.
(ii) Mechanical Stowing. . 90.
STOWING PIPES
(a) INTRODUCTION 94.
(b) PIPE DESIGN: 95.
(i) Material 95
(ii) Dimensions 96.
(iii) Joints and Bends. . . 98.
(c) WEAR IN PIPES:
(i) General 102.
(ii) Flushing, Blasting and
Impact Tests 103.
(iii) Wear due to Friction
and Impact 107.
(d) PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE:
(i) Sand-Water Mixtures . . 110.
(ii) Air-Material Mixtures . 111.
(iii) Pipe Life and Tonnage
Handled 112.
(e) CONCLUSIONS 115.
SURVEY OF STOWING PLANT
(a) HYDRAULIC:
(i) History and Development 117.
(ii) Modern Plant & Practice 119.
(b) PNEUMATIC:
(i) History and Development 123.
(ii) Modern Plant . 124.
(iii) Power Consumption . . . 129.
(c) MECHANICAL:
(i) History and Development 131.
(ii) Modern Plant 136.
(iii) Theoretical Considerations
in New Designs. . . . 139.
DESIGN OF INBYE AIR COMPRESSOR
(a) COMPRESSOR DESIGN:
(i) General 144.
(ii) Blowing Pressure . . 145.
(iii) Air Consumption. . . 145.
(iv) General Specification 146.
(b) DESIGN OF A SINGLE STAGE
RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR FOR
PNEUMATIC STOWING IN MINES:
(i) Practical Design Data:- 148
Capacity . . .
Working Pressure
Drive
Cooling
Dimensions
Air temperatures
(ii) General Considerations 148.
(iii) Speed 149.
(iv) Horse Power 149.
(v) Design of Electric Motor 150.
(vi) Piston Stroke and
Piston Speed . . . . 151.
(vii) Cylinder Diameter and
Number of Cylinders . 151.
(viii) Arrangement of Cylinders 152.
(ix) Crank Arrangements . . 152.
(x) Cooling Water 15
(xi) Air Receiver 15.
(xii) An Inlet Filter. . . 158.
( c ) GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED
COMPRESSOR 160.
THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF POWER STOWING
(a) GENERAL ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS. . 164.
(b) LABOUR AND MANPOWER 166.
(c) PLANT (i) Capital Cost 173.
(ii) Depreciation 173.
(d) POWER COSTS 176.
(e) OVERALL STOWING COSTS . 177.
(f) CONCLUSIONS 180.
PRESENT APPLICATION AND FUTURE TRENDS IN POWER
STOWING.
PRESENT APPLICATION AND FUTURE TRENDS IN POWER
STOWIING
(a) PRESENT APPLICATIONS 184.
(b) FUTURE TRENDS 187 .
CONCLUSIONS 189.
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