Merton's theory of anomie and deviance: an elaboration

Abstract

The thesis is an attempt to elaborate and develop Merton's theory of anamie and deviance. The purpose is to explore its relevance to the study of deviance in industrial societies, and to extend it to areas relatively neglected by Merton and his followers.

The thesis is divided into two main part# the first of which discusses the mode of analysis and particular propositions of Merton's theory. It is argued that the theory is best understood as an example of 'functional analysis', a legitimate and commonly employed method, which is to be distinguished from 'functionalism'. It is maintained that Merton's writings on anomie and deviance constitute a developing theory. It is claimed that the theory contains 'stress' and 'non-stress' variables accounting for deviant behaviour, so that it ought not to be classified as merely a 'strain' theory.

The second part of the thesis is an exercise in 'middle-range theorising'. It consists of a series of case studies, which address the issues of social interaction, social dynamics and middle-class deviance, while taking into account empirical evidence questioning certain Mertonian hypotheses. An attempt is made to consolidate Merton's theory with reference group analysis, which enables a reformulation of these hypotheses. It is proposed that this development of the theory allows for the analysis of deviant patterns peculiar to corporations and persons who belong to the upper social strata. Finally, the thesis turns to post-war British society and suggests that Merton's theory provides a framework within which processes leading to social change may be analysed. The abortion law reform, which took place in 1967, is examined as a case in point.

The thesis concludes by pointing out certain compatibilities between anomie and other theories of deviance and by suggesting questions, which may enhance further elaborations and a better understanding of deviance and its control.