Metabolism of biogenic amines in animals and man with particular reference to manic depressive illness

Abstract

ANIMAL STUDIES • SECTION I: Tryptophan metabolism in animals in relation to its role as a precursor of the 5-hydroxyindoles. A loading dose of the amino acid Is given to Increase the turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamlne. Using this technique the turnover of Intermediate metabolites also Increases and points of drug action on this pathway may be more easily discerned. • 1. 5-HydroxyIndole metabolism in rat brain. A study of intermediate metabolism using the technique of tryptophan loading - I. J. Neurochem. (1965) 12, 483-492. (with G. W. Ashcroft and T. B. B. Crawford). • • 2. 5-Hydroxyindole metabolism in rat brain. A study of intermediate metabolism using the technique of tryptophan loading - n. J. Neurochem. (1965) 12, 493-503. (with G. W. Ashcroft and T. B. B. Crawford). • • 3. The effects of precursor loading in the cerebral metabolism of 5-hydroxyindoles. J. Neurochem. (1968) JL5, 1093-1108. (with A. T. B. Moir). • • 4. A comparison of 5-hydroxyindoles in various regions of dog brain and cerebrospinal fluid. J. Neurochem. (1968) 15. 947-957. (with G. W. Ashcroft, A. T. B. Molr, A. Parker-Rhodes, W. Lutz and D. P. O'Mahoney). • • SECTION II: The estimation of tryptamine in tissues including brain: the effects of administration of L-tryptophan and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. • 5. Some observations on the estimation of tryptamine in tissues. J. Neurochem. (1966) 13, 93-101. (with G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford and R. Loose). • • SECTION III: Studies on the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine to 5-hydroxytryptophol. • 6. The formation of 5-hydroxytryptophol in brain in vitro. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother. (1966) 28, 367-377. (with A. T. B. Moir, H. W. Reading and I. M. Ritchie). • 7. 5-Hydroxytryptamtne metabolism in brain and liver slices and the effect of ethanol. J. Neurochem. (1969) 16. 274-276. (with H. W. Reading and I. M. Ritchie). • • SECTION IV: Studies in hydroxytryptamine metabolism with especial reference to the functional state of the neuron using 3(H) tryptophan as a precursor. • 8. Release of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid in the forebrain by stimulation of midbrain raphe. J. Physiol. (1968) 201, 22-23. (with A. Padjen and M. Randie). • 9. Long term effects of midbrain stimulation on 5-hydroxyindole synthesis in rat brain. Nature (1970) 226. 84-85. (with I. M. Ritchie and M. H. T. Roberts), • 10. Effects of electrical stimulation of rat midbrain on 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis as determined by a sensitive radioisotope method. J. Neurochem. (1972) 19, 265-272. (with P. J. Shields). • 11. Evidence for the synthesis and storage of 5-hydroxytryptamlne in two separate pools in the brain. J. Neurochem. (1973) 20, 881-888. (with P. J. Shields). • 12. The accumulation of C¹⁴-serotonin in the guinea-pig vas deferens. J. Pharmac. and Exp. Ther. (1969) 169. 68-73, (with N. B. Thoa and J. Axelrod). • 13. Inhibition by drugs of the accumulation in vitro of 5-hydroxytryptamine in guinea-pig vas deferens. Nature (1968) 217, 846-847. (with N. B. Thoa and J. Axelrod). • • SECTION V: Review articles on 5-hydroxyindoles. • 14. Discussion of in vivo measurement of brain serotonin turnover. Adv. in Pharmac. (1968) 6, 110-112. • (With G. W. Ashcroft and A. T. B. Molr). • 15. Cerebral metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid as a biochemical approach to the brain. Brain (1970) 93, 357-368. (with A. T. B. Moir, G. W. Ashcroft, T, B. B. Crawford and H. C. Guldberg). • 16. A critical evaluation of techniques for studying synthesis and turnover of 5-HT in the brain in vivo. Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Pharmac., San Francisco. (1972) 4, 257-268. • • • Catecholamine metabolism in animals • SECTION VI: Sulphate conjugate formation in brain with particular reference to the glycol metabolites of noradrenaline. Paper II uses the technique of intraventricular injection of radioactive sodium sulphate to label endogenous and exogenous phenolic compounds. • 17. Glycol sulphate ester formation from (¹⁴C) noradrenaline in brain and the influence of a COMT inhibitor. J. Neurochem. (1971) 18, 2461-2468. (wlthR. F. Sugden). • 18. Sulphate ester formation from catecholamine metabolites and pyrogallol in rat brain in vivo. J. Neurochem. (1973) 21, 635-646. (with I. M. Ritchie). • • SECTION VII: One measurement of catechol glycol metabolites of noradrenaline by gas chromatography. The effects of leslons, electrical and self-stimulation. • 19. Increase of noradrenaline metabolism following electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the rat. J. Neurochem. (1973) 21, 281-289. (wlthD. S. Walter). • 20. The effect of unilateral and bilateral lesions in the locus coeruleus on the levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in neocortex. Experientia (1973) 29, 52. (with G. W. Arbuthnott, J. E. Christie, T. J. Crow and D. S. Walter). • 21. Lesions of the locus coeruleus and noradrenaline metabolism in cerebral cortex. Exp. Neurol. (1973 ) 41, No. 2, 411-417. (with G. W. Arbuthnott, J. E. Christie, T. J. Crow and D. S. Walter). • 22. The relationship between noradrenaline turnover in cerebral cortex and electrical self-stimulation through electrodes in the region of locus coeruleus. J. Neurochem. (1975) 24, 677-681. (with G. M. Anlezark, D. S. Walter, G. W. Arbuthnott and T. J. Crow). • • SECTION VIII: An attempt to relate the experimental production of central noradrenergic supersensitivity by determining the activity of the enzyme adenyl cyclase. • 23. Adenosine 31;51-cycllc monophosphate and affective disorders: animal models. Blochem. Soc. Spec. Publ. (1973) 1, 121-126. • 24. Cyclic AMP and a possible animal model of receptor supersensitivity. Frontiers in Catecholamine Research (1973) 1083-1084. • 25. Is adenylate cyclase the dopamine receptor? Med. Biol. (1974) 52, 350-353. (with G. W. Arbuthnott, T. J. Attree, R. W. Loose and M. J. Martin). • • • Studies in Man • SECTION IX: Estimation of the metabolites of 5-hydroxytryptamlne and dopamine in human cerebrospinal fluid in psychiatric patients, mainly in the affective illnesses. (a) Without drug administration • 26. 5-Hydroxyindole compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with psychiatric or neurological diseases. The Lancet (1966) ii, 1049-1052. (with G. W. Ashcroft, T, B. B. Crawford, D. F. Sharman, E. J. MacDougall, J. B. Stanton and J. K. Binns). • 27. Changes on recovery in the concentrations of tryptophan and the biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with affective illness. Psychol. Med. (1973) 3, No. 3, 319-325. (with G. W. Ashcroft, I. M. Blackburn, A.I. M. Glen, W. Hartley, N. E. Ktnloch, M. Lonergan, L. G. Murray and I. A. Pullar). • • (b) The use of precursor loading with L-tryptophan in man and the subsequent examination of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid for the content of 5-HIAA. • 28. Effect of tryptophan administration on 5-HIAA in cerebrospinal fluid in man. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. (1970) 33. 269-272. (with G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford, J. B. Stanton, D. Wood and P. H. McTurk). • 29. 5-Hydroxytryptamine metabolism in affective illness: the effect of tryptophan administration. Psychol. Med. (1973) 3, No. 3, 326-332. (with G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford, ft. L. Cundall, D. L. Davidson, J. Dobson, E. C. Dow, R. W. Loose and I. A. Pullar). • • SECTION X: Review articles on the aetiology of affective illness with especial reference to the MRC Brain Metabolism Unit's contribution. • 30. Biogenic amines and the affective disorders. Adv. Neuro- Psychopharm. Proc. Symp. VII Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologium. (1970) 79-89. • 31. Modified amine hypothesis for the aetiology of affective Illness. The Lancet (1972) 573-577. (with G. W. Ashcroft, L. G. Murray, A. I. M. Glen, T. B. B. Crawford, I. A. Pullar, P. J. Shields, D. S. Walter, I. M. Blackburn, J. Connechan and M. Lonergan). 32. The biochemistry of human moods. New Scientist (1973) 18-19. • 33. Modern views on diagnosis and classification of depressions. J. Int. Med. Res. (1975) 3, Suppl. 3, 3-6. • • SECTION XI: A methodological paper for the estimation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol in urine. • 34. A fluorlmetric method for the determination of 4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenylglycol in urine. Clin. Chlm. Acta (1971) 34. 387-392. (with F. T. Antun and I. A. Pullar). • • SECTION XII: Studies of 5-hydroxylndoles in man in relation to sleep, drugs, amniotic fluid and the carcinoid syndrome. • 35. Some experiments in the chemistry of normal sleep. Brit. J. Psychiat. (1966) U2, 391-399. (with I. Oswald, G. W. Ashcroft, R. J. Berger, J. I. Evans and V. R. Thacore). • 36. The clinical state, sleep and amine metabolism of a tranylcypromine CParnate') addict. Brit. J. Psychiat. (1965) 111. 357-364. (with J. le Gasslcke, G. W. Ashcroft, J. I. Evans, I. Oswald and E. B. Rttson). • 37. Changes in amine metabolism produced by antidepressant drugs. J. Psychosom. Res. (1965) 9, 129-136. (with G. W. Ashcroft, F. Knight, E.J. McDougall and J. L. Waddell).. • 38. Amniotic fluid composition in malformations of the central nervous system. J. Obstet. Gynae. of Brit. Commonwealth. (1972) 79, No. 2, 154-158. (with A. E. H. Emeiy, J. B. Scrimgeour and M. Johnstone).. • 39. Amniotic fluid composition in malformations of the fetal central nervous system. J. Obstet. Gynae. of Brit. Common wealth. (1974) 81, No. 7, 512-516. (with A. E. H. Emery, D. J. H. Brock and D. Burt).. • 40. Tryptamlne in the blood and urine of a patient with a carcinoid tumour. Nature (1963) 197. 502-503. (with T. B. B. Crawford and G. W. Ashcroft).. • 41. Some observations on the metabolism of indoles in two patients with the carcinoid syndrome. Gastroenterol. (1965) 48, No. 6, 745-752. (withT. B. B. Crawford, G. W. Ashcroft and A. N. Smith).. • 42. Carcinoid syndrome associated with oat-cell carcinoma of bronchus. Brit. Med. J. (1965) 1, 1533-1535. (with J. D. Klnloch, J. N. Webb and J. Zeitlin).