Multi-criteria decision-making site suitability analysis for the development of new electric vehicle charging station infrastructure in Edinburgh using an AHP and TOPSIS methodology

Abstract

The transition to electric vehicle charging infrastructure is essential for a sustainable future, to help Edinburgh reach net-zero by 2030. Identifying optimal locations for new charging sites is required for the continual growth of electric vehicles in Edinburgh.

A multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach within a GIS context assesses site suitability using the Analytical Hierarchy Approach (AHP), Weighted Sum, and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Weightings of 10 criteria are determined, with road slope (22.5%), greenspace (16.7%), and parking bays (16%) as most influential within the AHP results. TOPSIS is identified as the most appropriate method for discerning site suitability. Existing parking bays are identified within the optimal zones in the site suitability results for installation of new charging stations. This is also identified within the city centre controlled parking zone (CPZ), where different urban characteristics and infrastructure demands are present. Optimal suitability regions with existing parking bay infrastructure are identified in The Inch, Moredun and Fernieside, and Granton. Within the CPZ, regions of optimal suitability are identified in Inverleith, Tollcross and Grange/Blackford. All these regions provide the highest suitability.

The findings emphasise the importance of residential regions in Edinburgh, where off-street parking is typically limited, for the development of new charging infrastructure. Charging stations in publicly accessible parking bays can provide equitable and environmentally sustainable charging access. Specific parking locations within these regions of optimal suitability could therefore be proposed to the Edinburgh City Council for new developments.