Reducing car use through parking policies: an evidence review

Abstract

This research gathers evidence on the effectiveness of different parking management interventions in reducing car use, to inform the development of parking policies which support the Scottish Government’s car use reduction commitments. It finds that a number of parking interventions, including parking standards, parking pricing and parking levies, have a positive impact on car kilometre reduction, modal split and car ownership. However, there is currently extremely limited evidence regarding whether the reductions in car km and changes in modal split achieved by parking interventions are shared across social groups.